How do animals respond to the challenges of living in captivity?

Some animals living in captivity may become frustrated and/or bored with their surroundings and respond by:

• Pacing
• Obsessive chewing and licking
• Repetitive vocalizations
• Aggression towards cage-mates or keepers
• Self-mutilation
• Obsession or disinterest in food
• Consuming nonfood items
• Banging themselves against their caging
• Lack of grooming
• Lethargy or apathy
• Hiding